Furniture

Furniture refers to movable objects that support human activities such as seating, eating, sleeping, storage, and working. It is designed to be practical and durable, while also reflecting cultural aesthetics and individual taste.

The history of furniture spans from early wooden benches and chests in ancient civilizations to elaborate crafts in medieval and Renaissance Europe, followed by industrial production that began in the 18th and 19th centuries. Mass manufacturing and design movements in the modern era emphasized efficiency, comfort, and standardized components.

Major categories include seating (chairs, stools, sofas), tables (dining and work surfaces), storage (dressers, cabinets, wardrobes), beds, and office furniture. Outdoor and garden furniture expand the range, as do specialized items such as desks, media stands, and cabinetry.

Common materials are wood, metal, glass, plastics, and composites. Construction methods range from traditional joinery and upholstery to modern fasteners and modular systems. Ergonomics influence dimensions and adjustability to support posture and comfort.

Contemporary considerations include sustainability, repairability, and responsible sourcing of raw materials. Markets vary by region, with standards and certifications addressing safety, environmental impact, and ethical production.