parkinsonismplus

Parkinsonismplus is a term used to describe a group of neurological disorders that share some symptoms with Parkinson's disease but also present with additional, distinct features. These conditions are often referred to as atypical parkinsonism or Parkinson's plus syndromes. The core motor symptoms that overlap with Parkinson's disease can include bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity (stiffness), and tremor, although the tremor may be less prominent or absent.

The "plus" in Parkinsonismplus refers to the additional non-motor and motor symptoms that differentiate these disorders from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. These can vary significantly between the specific conditions but may include early and prominent autonomic dysfunction (problems with blood pressure regulation, digestion, or bladder control), visual disturbances (such as difficulty with eye movements), prominent and early cognitive impairment or dementia, spasticity (muscle stiffness that increases resistance to movement), or a poor response to levodopa medication, which is the primary treatment for Parkinson's disease.

Several specific conditions fall under the umbrella of Parkinsonismplus. These include Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD). Each of these has a characteristic pattern of symptoms and progression. For instance, MSA often involves significant autonomic failure, PSP is characterized by falls and difficulty with eye movements, and CBD typically presents with asymmetric motor symptoms and sensory loss. The diagnosis of Parkinsonismplus relies on a combination of clinical examination, response to treatment, and sometimes imaging studies. Management focuses on symptom relief and supportive care, as there are currently no cures for these conditions.