parfum

Parfum, also called extrait de parfum or parfum extract, is the most concentrated form of fragrance sold to consumers. It typically contains about 20-40% aromatic compounds, with the remainder being a carrier such as alcohol, though some parfums are oil-based. Because of the high concentration, parfum is usually applied sparingly and lasts longer on the skin than lighter concentrations. Labels may read parfum or extrait de parfum.

A parfum's scent profile is described using a note pyramid: top notes appear first, followed by middle (heart) notes, and base notes that linger longest. The oils and aroma chemicals may be natural or synthetic. Emollients or stabilizers may be included in the formula, but the defining feature is the high level of fragrance oils relative to water and solvent.

Parfum is typically dabbed on pulse points such as wrists, neck, and behind the ears. Rubbing can break volatile compounds and soften the top notes; pat or air-dry. Storage should be cool and away from direct sunlight to preserve integrity; bottles should be tightly closed to limit evaporation.

Regulation and safety: In many regions, perfumes and parfum are regulated as cosmetic products. The fragrance blend itself is often labeled as parfum or fragrance, without disclosure of individual components, though some jurisdictions require disclosure of allergenic ingredients above certain thresholds (for example, EU rules mandate labeling of specific fragrance allergens). Patch testing is recommended for people with sensitive skin or a history of fragrance reactions.

History and market context: The concept dates to ancient perfume practices, evolving through European perfumery in the early modern period. Parfum remains the most concentrated form commercially available, targeted toward longevity and intensity, and is commonly used by fragrance enthusiasts and perfumers alike.