paracetamól

Paracetamól, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used medication for relieving mild to moderate pain and reducing fever. It is available over the counter in many countries and is commonly used for headaches, toothaches, muscle aches, back pain, and common colds.

The exact mechanism of paracetamól is not fully understood. It is believed to act mainly in the central nervous system to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which helps to reduce pain and fever. Compared with nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamól has little anti‑inflammatory activity and generally causes fewer digestive side effects, making it suitable for many patients who cannot take NSAIDs.

Administration and dosing guidelines vary by country. In adults, typical doses are 500 mg to 1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding a daily maximum (commonly 3000–4000 mg, depending on local guidance and individual risk factors). For children, dosing is usually based on weight or age and must be taken from the product’s instructions. It is important to avoid using multiple products that contain paracetamól simultaneously to prevent unintentional overdose.

Safety and warnings: paracetamól is safe at recommended doses but can cause severe liver injury in the event of overdose or with risk factors such as chronic alcohol use or preexisting liver disease. Early overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and sweating; seek urgent medical care if overdose is suspected. Treatment for overdose may involve N-acetylcysteine if given promptly. Paracetamól is generally considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding when used as directed, but always consult a clinician for individual advice.