panisidine

Panisidine is an informal name sometimes used to refer to p-anisidine, the para isomer of methoxyaniline (4-methoxyaniline). It is an aromatic amine with a methoxy substituent para to the amino group, giving the chemical formula C7H9NO. In industry, panisidine/p-anisidine is used primarily as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pigments and as a building block in organic synthesis. It is one of three isomeric methoxy anilines, the others being o-anisidine and m-anisidine.

Physical properties and handling notes vary with purity, but panisidine is typically a colorless to pale yellow liquid or solid at room temperature, with the characteristic odor of an amine. It is more soluble in organic solvents than in water and is often handled under conditions that minimize exposure to air and moisture. Like many aniline derivatives, it can be a skin and eye irritant and may release fumes that are harmful if inhaled.

Production methods commonly involve the reduction of p-nitroanisole or other routes from anisole derivatives to install the amino group in the para position relative to the methoxy group. In manufacturing settings, panisidine is handled with appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment, stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers, and disposed of as a hazardous chemical according to applicable regulations.

Safety considerations include the potential for methemoglobinemia and other systemic effects with exposure. Long-term or high-level exposure is of particular concern, and occupational handling typically requires risk management practices to limit intake and skin contact.

See also: o-anisidine, m-anisidine, anisidine, azo dye chemistry.