anisole

Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is the simplest methoxy-substituted benzene. Its IUPAC name is 1-methoxybenzene, and it has the chemical formula C7H8O. Structurally, it consists of a benzene ring bearing a single methoxy group (-OCH3).

Physically, anisole is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic sweet, anise-like odor. It has a boiling point around 154 °C and a melting point near -38 °C. Its density is about 1.05 g/cm3 at room temperature, and it is largely immiscible with water while being readily soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether.

Anisole occurs only in trace amounts in certain essential oils, notably those of anise and fennel. Commercially, it is produced by methylating phenol with methylating agents such as dimethyl sulfate or methyl iodide, or by acid-catalyzed etherification of benzene with methanol.

In industry, anisole is used as a solvent for resins, dyes, and coatings, and as a precursor in the synthesis of fragrance ingredients and other anisole derivatives. It also serves as an intermediate in the production of flavor and fragrance compounds, including anisaldehyde. Safety considerations include its flammability and potential for irritation upon exposure; it should be handled with appropriate precautions and stored away from strong oxidizers.