palpitaties

Palpitations are subjective sensations of the heartbeat in which a person feels that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipping a beat. They are a symptom rather than a disease and can occur in healthy individuals or in people with heart or other health problems. Palpitations may be brief or episodic and can occur at rest or with activity, stress, or after caffeine, alcohol, or stimulant use.

Common causes include benign factors such as anxiety or stress, caffeine or nicotine, dehydration, fever, and certain medications or supplements (for example decongestants or thyroid hormone). Electrolyte disturbances, anemia, and thyroid disorders can also contribute. Less often, palpitations indicate a heart rhythm problem, such as premature contractions or faster rhythms like atrial fibrillation or supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia.

Seek urgent care if palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, fainting, severe shortness of breath, confusion, weakness, or if you have known heart disease or other serious conditions.

Evaluation typically starts with history and physical examination, followed by an electrocardiogram (ECG). If episodes are infrequent, longer-term monitoring (Holter or event monitor) may be used. Blood tests may assess thyroid function and electrolytes. Echocardiography or specialized testing is considered if there is concern about structural heart disease or new symptoms.

Management depends on cause and severity. Reassurance and lifestyle adjustments (limiting caffeine and alcohol, managing stress, staying hydrated) are often sufficient. Treat underlying conditions and adjust or review medications as needed. In some cases, medications such as beta-blockers, or referral to a cardiologist or rhythm specialist, are appropriate. Most palpitations in healthy people have a benign course, but ongoing or severe symptoms warrant medical evaluation.