päästeparved

Päästeparved, also known as steppe eagles, refer to a group of large raptors primarily found in the steppes, grasslands, and open habitats of the Palearctic and Afro-Eurasian regions. These birds of prey are adapted to hunting in expansive, open landscapes where they can spot prey from great heights. The most notable species within this group is the steppe eagle (*Aquila nipalensis*), though other related eagles such as the tawny eagle (*Aquila rapax*) and the lesser spotted eagle (*Aquila pomarina*) are sometimes included in broader discussions of steppe-associated raptors.

Steppe eagles are known for their robust build, broad wings, and keen eyesight, which allow them to efficiently hunt medium-sized mammals like hares, rodents, and young ungulates. Their diet also includes birds, reptiles, and occasionally carrion. These eagles typically nest in trees or on cliffs, often in remote areas where human disturbance is minimal. Breeding occurs in spring, with females laying one to three eggs, and both parents participate in raising the chicks.

The steppe ecosystem, which once stretched across vast regions of Eurasia, has significantly declined due to agricultural expansion, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. This decline has had a notable impact on steppe eagle populations, leading to conservation efforts aimed at protecting their habitats and reducing threats such as illegal hunting and poisoning. Some subspecies, like the critically endangered Caspian steppe eagle (*Aquila heliaca*), face particularly high risks due to habitat loss and persecution.

Conservation initiatives often involve habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and public awareness campaigns to ensure the survival of these iconic birds. Research on steppe eagles also contributes to broader ecological studies on predator-prey dynamics and the health of grassland ecosystems. Their presence serves as an indicator of the ecological balance in these fragile environments.