overworking

Overworking refers to the practice of performing work tasks for longer hours or at greater intensity than is typical for a given job or recommended by health guidelines. It can involve extended workweeks, frequent after-hours tasks, or high-workload periods that press workers to push through fatigue.

Causes include organizational culture that prizes presenteeism, tight deadlines, understaffing, job insecurity, and economic pressures. Individual factors such as high personal standards, fear of negative performance evaluations, or caring responsibilities can also contribute.

Health and safety effects include sleep disturbances, cardiovascular risk, chronic stress, anxiety and depression, and burnout. Cognitive performance, mood, and accident risk may decline, while presenteeism and absenteeism can increase, reducing overall productivity.

Economic and social impacts extend beyond the individual, affecting teams and organizations through higher turnover, lower morale, and increased errors. Long hours may not yield proportional productivity gains and can exacerbate gender disparities and work–life conflict.

Responses include monitoring workloads, enforcing reasonable limits on hours, ensuring adequate staffing, and providing breaks and mental health resources. Policies such as maximum weekly hours, paid rest, flexible scheduling, and employee involvement in planning can reduce overwork.

Individuals can set boundaries, prioritize tasks, take regular breaks, and seek support when needed. A comprehensive approach combines personal strategies with organizational practices and supportive policies to promote sustainable work patterns.