overwetting

Overwetting refers to a condition in which a material or system contains more water than it can safely hold or use. In common usage, it describes excessive moisture in soil, crops, or porous materials, where the extra water disrupts normal function and can cause damage.

In horticulture and agriculture, overwetting (often caused by over-irrigation, heavy rainfall, or poor drainage) leads to waterlogged soil. Oxygen is displaced from the pore spaces, roots suffocate, and root rot pathogens may proliferate. Nutrient uptake declines, and prolonged exposure can stunt or kill plants. In soils with high clay content or a shallow water table, overwetting reduces soil strength, increases swelling, and can trigger problems for engineering or construction in some settings.

In materials and construction, excessive moisture can promote mold growth in building materials, corrosion of metal components, and deterioration of wood, plaster, or concrete. Saturation can alter physical properties, reduce insulating performance, and compromise structural integrity. In some geotechnical contexts, overwetting of soils can lead to reduced shear strength, liquefaction-like behavior, or ground movement.

Prevention and management include improving drainage, selecting appropriate irrigation schedules, using moisture sensors, and choosing plants adapted to wet conditions. After overwetting, allowing time for drying, aerating the soil, and restoring proper drainage can mitigate damage and restore function.