overpackaging

Overpackaging refers to the use of packaging materials that exceed what is necessary to protect, transport, and present a product. It includes outer cartons, secondary packaging, inner wrappings, seals, and marketing inserts that add little functional value while increasing waste. The term is commonly used in the context of consumer goods, electronics, and food products.

Several factors drive overpackaging: marketing and brand differentiation, protection against damage in transit, standardized packaging practices, and e-commerce logistics that favor robust outer packaging. Some suppliers rely on multiple layers of packaging or plastic wraps to reduce perceived risk, while packaging systems designed for automation can lead to thicker packaging than necessary.

Impacts include environmental burdens from material use, energy use, and end-of-life waste, as well as higher costs for manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Overpackaging can contribute to plastic pollution and litter, and may create consumer confusion if packaging uses mixed materials that are hard to recycle. Life cycle assessments suggest that right-sizing and lightweighting packaging can substantially reduce emissions and resource use.

Responses involve packaging design optimization and concepts such as right-sizing, as well as the adoption of reusable and returnable packaging, recyclable or compostable materials, and fewer layers of packaging. Regulatory approaches in some regions encourage reduced packaging and improved end-of-life management through schemes like extended producer responsibility and packaging waste directives. Businesses also pursue supplier standards and life cycle thinking to minimize packaging without compromising product protection.

For consumers, choosing products with minimal packaging and recycling packaging correctly can help reduce the environmental footprint of overpackaging.