otorhinolaryngologie
Otorhinolaryngology, commonly abbreviated ENT and also known as otolaryngology, is a medical specialty that focuses on disorders of the ears, nose, throat and the related structures of the head and neck. Clinicians diagnose, treat and manage both medical and surgical conditions across the lifespan, from infancy to old age, often in multidisciplinary teams.
The field is divided into several subspecialties, including otology/neurotology (hearing loss, balance disorders, cochlear implantation), rhinology
Common diagnostic tools include audiometry and tympanometry for ear disorders, nasal endoscopy, laryngoscopy, imaging studies such
Training pathways require medical school followed by a residency in otorhinolaryngology, with optional fellowships in subspecialties.
Research in otorhinolaryngology covers hearing science, balance and vestibular disorders, upper airway biology, sleep-disordered breathing, sinonasal