osteointegrazione

Osteointegrazione is a surgical procedure that involves the direct contact and bonding of artificial materials to bone. This process creates a stable connection between the implant and the living bone tissue. The term originates from the Greek word "osteon" meaning bone, and the Latin word "integrare" meaning to make whole.

The concept of osteointegrazione was first extensively researched and popularized by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark and his team in the 1950s and 1960s. They discovered that titanium, a biocompatible metal, could fuse directly with bone without being rejected by the body. This breakthrough revolutionized the field of prosthetics and implant dentistry.

In clinical practice, osteointegrated implants are commonly used in dentistry to replace missing teeth. Dental implants, typically made of titanium, are surgically placed into the jawbone. Over a period of months, bone cells grow and adhere to the implant surface, creating a strong and stable foundation. Once osseointegration is complete, a dental prosthesis, such as a crown, bridge, or denture, can be attached to the implant.

Beyond dentistry, osteointegration is also applied in other medical fields. Orthopedic implants, like those used for hip and knee replacements, often rely on osteointegration to achieve long-term stability. Similarly, it plays a role in the fixation of prosthetics for amputees, allowing for a more secure and functional connection. The success of osteointegration depends on factors such as the material of the implant, surgical technique, patient's bone quality, and post-operative care.