osiers

Osiers are a group of willow trees, specifically those species of Salix that are cultivated for their flexible, pliable, and often long stems, commonly known as rods or withes. These rods are particularly well-suited for weaving and basketry. The term "osier" is frequently used interchangeably with the willow species themselves, such as Salix viminalis, Salix purpurea, and Salix triandra, all of which are characterized by their vigorous growth and easily harvested, slender branches.

Historically, osiers have been cultivated in Europe and Asia for centuries. They are typically grown in damp soils, often along riverbanks or in dedicated osier beds. The harvesting process involves cutting the rods annually, which encourages new growth. These harvested rods are then processed, which can include boiling, steaming, or leaving them to dry, depending on the desired outcome for the final product. This processing can also alter the color of the rods.

The primary use of osier rods is in the craft of basket making, where they are woven into a wide variety of containers and furniture. Beyond baskets, osiers have also been used for fencing, hurdle making, and even as a source of biomass for energy. In some regions, they are also employed for erosion control due to their ability to stabilize soil. The cultivation of osiers represents a traditional agricultural practice that continues to support artisanal crafts and sustainable resource management.