orbitale

Orbitale is a craniofacial anatomical landmark used in anatomy, anthropology, and orthodontics. It refers to the lowest point on the inferior margin of the eye orbit (the orbital rim) and is designated by the symbol Or in many cephalometric analyses. In cephalometry, orbitale serves as a reference point for constructing planes and measuring craniofacial relationships.

In practical terms, orbitale is identified on imaging as the most inferior point along the lower orbital rim. Its exact location can vary slightly among individuals and across imaging modalities, which can affect its precise determination. Orbitale is commonly used in conjunction with the porion to define the Frankfort horizontal plane, a standard orientation plane for head positioning and comparison of craniofacial morphology.

Applications of orbitale include assessment of facial height, vertical relationships, and the orientation of the cranial base in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It frequently appears in the suite of standard cephalometric landmarks, which also include nasion, sella, porion, and various dental points. Because landmark identification can be influenced by factors such as asymmetry, pathology, or image quality, clinicians often corroborate orbitale with adjacent anatomical features or use multiple imaging modalities when precision is required.

Overall, orbitale functions as a key reference point for measuring and comparing craniofacial structure, contributing to analyses that guide diagnosis, treatment planning, and anthropometric research.