opossum

Opossum refers to several species in the family Didelphidae, small to medium marsupials of the order Didelphimorphia. In North America, the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the best known; across Central and South America there are many other species such as Didelphis marsupialis. The name opossum derives from a Powhatan word via early English usage; in Australia, the term possum is used for different marsupials.

Opossums typically have grayish to brown fur, a pointed snout, and a naked scaly tail that is prehensile in many species. They range from small to medium size, with body lengths around 25–50 cm and tails often similar in length. They have sharp teeth suited to omnivory, and hind feet with an opposable digit that aids climbing. They rely on smell and hearing more than vision.

Opossums are mainly nocturnal and solitary; they are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, insects, small vertebrates, eggs, carrion, and human food waste. They are skilled climbers and frequent urban areas. A notable defense is thanatosis, or playing dead, often accompanied by a foul odor. Reproduction is prolific in warm months: a female may give birth after about 12–14 days of gestation; tiny joeys crawl into the pouch to complete development for several weeks.

Opossums inhabit woodlands, brushy areas, and urban environments from the southern United States into tropical regions of the Americas. They play a role in seed dispersal and scavenging. They are not generally endangered; the Virginia opossum is listed as Least Concern, while other species range in status. They can harbor parasites and pathogens, but pose limited public health risk compared with some other wildlife.