openwheel

Openwheel, or open-wheel racing, is a class of single-seat cars with wheels outside the main body and an exposed cockpit. The design contrasts with closed-wheel racing and is used in many international and regional series, including Formula One, FIA Formula 2 and Formula 3, and IndyCar.

Design and construction: Open-wheel cars typically have a carbon fiber monocoque, a mid-mounted engine, and an aero package of front and rear wings and a diffuser. Wheels are mounted on independent suspension and are not enclosed by fenders. Tires are high-performance slicks or grooved types, depending on the series. Safety features have evolved, with halo in Formula One and wheel tethers in many series.

Governing bodies and examples: FIA governs international open-wheel racing, with Formula One as the premier championship and FIA Formula 2 and Formula 3 as feeder series. In North America, IndyCar is the main open-wheel series. Chassis suppliers commonly include Dallara, with power units differing by series and era.

History and significance: Open-wheel cars emerged in the early 20th century, becoming associated with high-speed circuits and advanced aerodynamics. The format has driven safety innovations and remains a core segment of professional and developmental racing worldwide.