onemocnní

Onemocnní (Czech: onemocnění) is a general term for disease or illness, describing a state in which normal physiological or psychological functions are impaired. It encompasses a wide range of conditions, from acute infectious diseases to chronic noncommunicable disorders and genetic syndromes.

Diseases are commonly classified by cause, duration or affected system. Major categories include infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites; chronic noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer; genetic and congenital conditions; and injuries or mental health disorders. Presentation varies widely according to the underlying condition and can include symptoms, signs, functional impairment and laboratory or imaging abnormalities.

Causes and risk factors span biological agents, genetics, lifestyle behaviors (tobacco use, diet, physical inactivity), environmental exposures and social determinants of health. Diagnosis typically combines clinical assessment with diagnostic tests. Management strategies aim to relieve symptoms, cure when possible, slow progression, prevent complications and restore function; these may include pharmacological, surgical, rehabilitative and supportive measures.

Prevention and control rely on public health measures such as vaccination, sanitation, health education, screening and policies addressing social and environmental risks. The burden of disease influences healthcare systems, economies and societies, and is a focus of research into causes, treatments and health services. The term reflects a broad clinical and public health concept rather than a single specific entity.