okováním

Okování, in metalworking often referred to as riveting, is a mechanical fastening process used to join two or more pieces by inserting a rivet through aligned holes and deforming its exposed end to form a second head, permanently securing the parts. The method relies on plastic deformation of the rivet material rather than heat, making it distinct from welding or soldering.

The basic sequence includes preparing the parts, drilling holes to the correct size, inserting the rivet, and then upsetting or pulling the rivet tail to create a tight joint. Traditional solid rivets require access to both sides of the joint and hand or machine tools to form the second head. Blind rivets (pop rivets) enable one-sided installation using a specialized tool that pulls a mandrel to expand the rivet body inside the joint. Semi-tubular rivets and other variants provide differing shear strengths and installation characteristics.

Common materials for okování are steel, aluminum, copper, and titanium, chosen for compatibility with the joined parts and the expected loads. Riveting is used where heat from welding could damage components, where joints need to be inspected or disassembled, or where rapid assembly is advantageous. It remains widespread in aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding, bridges, and architectural elements, though many applications have shifted to welding or bolting as technology and design evolve.

Advantages include good fatigue performance when properly installed, relatively simple tools, and the possibility of disassembly. Limitations involve labor intensity, the need for accurate hole alignment, and the requirement for access to the joint during installation.