obstrutivos

Obstrutivos is a term used in Spanish and Portuguese to describe things that cause obstruction. As an adjective, obstrutivo (masculine), obstrutiva (feminine), and the plural obstrutivos refer to conditions or structures that impede the passage of air, urine, bile, or other substances through a channel, duct, or organ. In medical contexts, the plural obstrutivos is commonly used to describe obstructive diseases or processes.

Obstructive diseases are characterized by impaired flow due to increased resistance or mechanical blockage. In pulmonology, obstructive airway diseases reduce expiratory airflow and are typically diagnosed with spirometry; examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Other airway conditions such as chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis fall under this category. Obstruction can also occur outside the lungs, as in obstructive uropathy (kidney or urinary tract obstruction) and biliary obstruction (liver/gallbladder). Obstructive sleep apnea involves repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep. Vascular obstructions, such as atherosclerotic lesions or thrombosis, and other ductal obstructions are also described as obstructive in medical literature.

Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, functional tests (notably spirometry for airway obstruction), imaging studies, and endoscopic or laboratory assessments as needed. Management focuses on relieving the obstruction and treating the underlying cause: pharmacologic therapies such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs for airway disease; procedures to remove or bypass blockages (stents, lithotripsy, surgery); and general measures to reduce risk factors and prevent progression of disease. The term obstrutivos is less about a single disease and more about a broad category of conditions defined by impaired passage through anatomical structures.