uropathy

Uropathy is a broad term for diseases of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It describes conditions that affect urine production, transport, storage, or excretion and is used when a definitive diagnosis is not yet clear or multiple sites are involved.

Common categories include obstructive uropathy (stones, strictures, tumors), infectious uropathy (urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis), inflammatory uropathy (interstitial cystitis), and functional or neurogenic uropathy (bladder dysfunction due to neurological disease).

Symptoms vary by site and cause but may include increased or painful urination, frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, hematuria, weak urine flow or urinary retention, pelvic or flank pain, fever, or incontinence.

Diagnosis relies on history, physical examination, urinalysis, and urine culture. Renal function tests and imaging—such as ultrasound, CT urography, or MRI urography—help identify obstruction, stones, or masses. Cystoscopy and, if needed, urodynamic studies assess the bladder and urethra.

Treatment targets the underlying cause: antibiotics for infection, relief of obstruction with procedures to remove stones or masses, or surgery for structural problems. Neurogenic bladder may require medications, catheterization, or neuromodulation. Prognosis depends on the cause, severity, and timeliness of treatment.