obstrutiva

Obstrutiva is a medical term used in Portuguese to describe conditions or phenomena that impede the passage of a substance through a channel such as an airway, duct, vessel, or lumen. The word derives from obstruir (to obstruct) and obstrução (obstruction) and is commonly translated as obstructive in English. It denotes obstruction that can be partial or complete and may be fixed or dynamic, depending on the cause.

In clinical contexts, obstrutiva is applied to diseases and conditions characterized by obstruction of flow. In pulmonology, obstructive airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica, DPOC) and asthma are described as obstructive because airflow is limited, particularly during expiration. The term also covers obstructions in other organ systems, including the biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, or vascular system, due to tumors, stones, strictures, inflammation, or thrombotic occlusion. In many cases, obstrutiva describes the physiologic consequence (impaired or blocked flow) rather than the precise underlying cause.

Diagnosis and management depend on the affected system. Lung obstruction is evaluated with spirometry, imaging, and bronchoscopy; biliary and gastrointestinal obstructions use ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy; vascular obstructions are assessed with Doppler ultrasound and angiography. Treatment aims to relieve or bypass the obstruction and address the underlying condition, ranging from pharmacologic therapy and bronchial dilators to endoscopic or surgical interventions and supportive care.