obstipáció

Obstipáció, commonly known as constipation, refers to difficulty in passing stools or infrequent bowel movements. It is a common gastrointestinal issue characterized by hard, dry stools that are painful to expel. The frequency of bowel movements varies among individuals, but generally, fewer than three bowel movements per week is considered constipated.

Several factors can contribute to obstipáció. These include insufficient dietary fiber and fluid intake, lack of physical activity, ignoring the urge to defecate, certain medications such as opioids or antacids, and changes in routine or travel. Medical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hypothyroidism, or neurological disorders can also play a role.

Symptoms of obstipáció can include straining during bowel movements, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. In some cases, it can lead to more serious complications like fecal impaction.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history, a physical examination, and sometimes further tests like colonoscopies or imaging studies to rule out underlying conditions.

Treatment strategies aim to relieve symptoms and address the underlying cause. These often include increasing fiber and fluid intake, regular physical exercise, and establishing a regular toilet routine. Over-the-counter laxatives may be used for short-term relief, but their prolonged use should be discussed with a healthcare professional. For persistent or severe cases, prescription medications or management of underlying conditions may be necessary.