obstetriyaginekologiya

Obstetriyaginekologiya is a medical specialty that combines obstetrics and gynecology. It focuses on women's reproductive health from puberty through menopause, including pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care, and the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive tract.

Obstetrics concerns pregnancy, fetal development, labor, delivery, and the early postpartum period. Gynecology covers menstrual disorders, contraception, infertility evaluation, and diseases of the uterus, ovaries, and vagina, such as endometriosis, fibroids, infections, and gynecologic cancers.

Training typically requires a medical degree followed by a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, with board certification in many countries. Subspecialties include maternal-fetal medicine, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, gynecologic oncology, urogynecology, pediatric and adolescent gynecology, and gynecologic ultrasound.

In practice, obstetrician-gynecologists provide prenatal care, supervise labor and delivery, perform surgeries (such as cesarean section, hysterectomy, and laparoscopy), and offer gynecologic exams, contraception, menopause management, and cancer screening. The field emphasizes evidence-based care, patient autonomy, and safety, with guidelines issued by professional bodies and ongoing research addressing outcomes, access to care, and advances in minimally invasive techniques.