nyálkahártyagyulladások

Mucositis, also known as stomatitis or inflammation of the mucous membranes, is a condition characterized by painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract. It can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus.

The causes of mucositis are diverse. It is a common side effect of cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, where these treatments damage rapidly dividing cells, including those in the mucous membranes. Infections, both viral and bacterial, can also lead to mucositis. Certain autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation of the digestive tract, including mucositis. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamins like B vitamins, iron, and folic acid, can also contribute. Certain medications, other than chemotherapy agents, can also cause mucositis as a side effect.

Symptoms of mucositis vary depending on the location and severity. Oral mucositis, the most common form, presents with redness, swelling, and sores in the mouth and on the tongue. This can lead to difficulty eating, drinking, and speaking, and may cause significant pain. Gastrointestinal mucositis can manifest as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, particularly their treatments. In some cases, a biopsy of the affected tissue may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for mucositis focuses on managing pain, preventing infection, and promoting healing. Pain relief can be achieved with topical anesthetics, pain medications, and sometimes systemic analgesics. Good oral hygiene is crucial to prevent secondary infections, often involving gentle brushing and rinsing with saline or mild antiseptic solutions. Nutritional support is vital, and patients may require liquid diets or feeding tubes if oral intake is severely compromised. In cases of severe mucositis, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy, medications like palifermin may be used to promote epithelial cell recovery.