nonpublic

Nonpublic is an adjective describing information, documents, organizations, or other items that are not available to the general public. In everyday use it contrasts with public, which is accessible, disclosed, or released to the public at large. The term is applied across fields such as corporate governance, law, government, and information security.

In corporate and securities contexts, nonpublic often refers to nonpublic information (NPI or MNPI) about a company. This material information has not been disclosed to the market and, if known by insiders, can create legal obligations not to trade or to disclose the information. Regulators prohibit trading on MNPI and may require insiders to refrain from tipping; the line between public and nonpublic information can involve legal determinations based on materiality and dissemination.

In government and public records law, nonpublic records are documents or data that agencies may withhold from disclosure under exemptions, such as security, privacy, or ongoing investigations. Access to nonpublic records often depends on balancing transparency with confidentiality and safety concerns. Some jurisdictions provide procedures for declassification or release after a delay.

In information management and IT, nonpublic or confidential data are data that must be protected from unauthorized access. Classifications range from confidential to restricted and highly sensitive; handling practices, access controls, encryption, and employee training are used to keep nonpublic data secure.