noninfecioase

Noninfecioase, or noninfectious diseases, are illnesses that are not caused by pathogenic organisms and are not transmitted from person to person. The category covers a wide range of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (such as heart disease and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as COPD and asthma), diabetes, neurological and mental health disorders, autoimmune diseases, and many congenital or metabolic disorders. These conditions contrast with infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Causes and risk factors are diverse. Many noninfecioase diseases arise from a combination of genetic predisposition, developmental factors, and environmental exposures. Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol increase risk. Aging also raises susceptibility to several conditions. Some diseases are primarily genetic or autoimmune in origin and may occur independently of lifestyle.

Impact and management are shaped by a substantial and growing global burden. Noninfecioase diseases account for a large share of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly as populations age and exposure to risk factors persists. Prevention focuses on reducing modifiable risks through healthy living, regular screening and early detection, and environmental and policy measures to decrease exposures. Management typically involves long-term medical treatment, medication, rehabilitation, and ongoing care to control symptoms, slow progression, and maintain quality of life.

See also: Noncommunicable diseases, chronic disease, public health.