niños

Niños are the plural form of niño in Spanish and designate young people in the early stage of life. The exact age range varies by country and context, but they usually refer to individuals from birth through the onset of adolescence. In many educational and social contexts, niños are the group considered in early childhood and primary education. The feminine forms are niña (singular) and niñas (plural).

Development includes physical, cognitive, language, social, and emotional changes. Growth is rapid in early years and gradually stabilizes; nutrition, health care, safe environments, and opportunities for play influence outcomes. Children rely on families and communities for care and learning; protective factors reduce risks such as malnutrition, disease, abuse, exploitation, and neglect.

Education and rights: Access to education is central to childhood. Many countries provide universal early childhood education, primary schooling, and protections for learners with varying needs. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines rights to life, survival, development, participation, and protection from harm; states implement laws against child labor, trafficking, and abuse and provide welfare services for families.

Cultural contexts and variation: Within Spanish-speaking societies, family life, cultural traditions, and language shape children's daily experiences. Children's roles can vary by region, socioeconomic status, and urban/rural settings. Play, schooling, and exposure to media influence socialization, while gender norms affect expectations for boys and girls. The term niño/niña is widely used in everyday speech and formal education alike.