nieprzewidziany

Nieprzewidziany is a Polish adjective meaning unforeseen, not foreseen or anticipated. It describes events, costs, or circumstances that could not have been foreseen before a given moment. The word is formed with the negative prefix nie- attached to przewidziany, the past participle of przewidzieć “to foresee.” Thus the sense is literally “not foreseen.”

Grammatically, nieprzewidziany agrees with the noun it modifies: nieprzewidziany (masculine singular), nieprzewidziana (feminine singular), nieprzewidziane (neuter singular). In plural, forms include nieprzewidziani (masculine personal), and nieprzewidziane (feminine or neuter across plural).

Usage and nuance: nieprzewidziany is commonly used in formal and everyday language to refer to things that were not anticipated, such as unforeseen expenses, unforeseen circumstances, or unforeseen events. It is often employed in legal, financial, and planning contexts, but appears in general prose as well.

Related terms include synonyms and related phrases: nieoczekiwany and niespodziewany both convey surprise or unexpectedness, though with slightly different connotations; nieprzewidywalny emphasizes lack of predictability; nieplanowany refers to something not planned rather than something not foreseen.

Examples:

- Nieprzewidziany wydatek wymaga dodatkowych środków.

- W projekcie pojawiły się nieprzewidziane problemy.

- Nieprzewidziane okoliczności zmusiły firmę do zmiany planów.

Nieprzewidziany thus functions as a neutral descriptor of elements beyond foresight, applicable across a range of formal and informal contexts.