nickelafgifte

Nickelafgifte refers to the release of nickel ions from a material into its surrounding environment, often occurring through corrosion, wear, or chemical interaction with sweat and cleaning agents. This release is particularly relevant for items that come into direct or prolonged contact with the skin, such as jewelry, watches, coins, medical devices, and certain stainless steel products. The amount of nickel released depends on factors including alloy composition, surface finish, protective coatings, mechanical wear, corrosion processes, temperature, and the chemistry of the environment (notably pH and chloride content).

To assess safety, standardized testing methods are used to measure nickel release under conditions that simulate skin contact. The most common approach involves exposing samples to artificial sweat and quantifying nickel ions, often with techniques such as ICP-MS. Results are typically reported as micrograms of nickel released per square centimeter of surface per week (µg Ni/cm2/week). Regulatory frameworks commonly reference these measurements to set exposure limits.

In the European Union, the nickel release directive restricts the amount of nickel that can be released from consumer products intended to contact the skin, with a typical limit around 0.5 µg Ni/cm2/week for jewelry and similar items. Other jurisdictions have established comparable limits or require the use of nickel-free materials for skin-contact applications.

Health considerations center on nickel allergy, a common cause of contact dermatitis. Even small releases can trigger reactions in sensitized individuals. Mitigation strategies include using nickel-free or low-nickel alloys, applying durable protective coatings, and ensuring proper surface treatments to reduce release.