neurapraxitecken

Neurapraxia, also referred to as neurapraxia or a "neuropraxia," is a temporary and mild form of peripheral nerve injury characterized by conduction block without axonal damage. It is the least severe type of nerve injury, classified under the Seddon and Sunderland systems of nerve injury classification. Neurapraxia typically results from compression, stretching, or trauma to a nerve, disrupting its ability to transmit signals temporarily.

Common causes of neurapraxia include prolonged pressure on a nerve, such as from improper positioning during sleep (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome or "Saturday night palsy"), direct trauma, or conditions like diabetes that affect nerve function. Symptoms often include localized numbness, tingling, weakness, or pain in the affected area, though sensation and muscle function usually return once the nerve function is restored. Recovery from neurapraxia is generally rapid, often within days to weeks, as the nerve remains structurally intact and can recover spontaneously.

Diagnosis of neurapraxia is typically clinical, based on patient history and physical examination. Electrodiagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction studies, may be used to confirm the diagnosis by demonstrating a conduction block without signs of axonal degeneration. Treatment primarily involves removing the cause of nerve compression or trauma and providing supportive care, such as rest, physical therapy, or pain management. In most cases, no surgical intervention is required, as the nerve heals on its own.

Prognosis for neurapraxia is generally excellent, with full recovery expected in most individuals. However, repeated or severe nerve injury may lead to prolonged recovery or more permanent damage. Prevention involves avoiding prolonged pressure on nerves, maintaining proper posture, and addressing underlying conditions that contribute to nerve dysfunction.