nephropátia

Nephropathy refers to damage to the kidneys. It is a broad term that can encompass a variety of kidney diseases. The most common cause of nephropathy is diabetes, known as diabetic nephropathy, which develops when high blood sugar levels damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys. Another significant cause is hypertension, or high blood pressure, which can also strain and damage the kidneys over time.

Other conditions that can lead to nephropathy include autoimmune diseases like lupus (lupus nephritis), infections, certain medications, and genetic disorders. Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and cause but may include swelling in the legs or feet, changes in urination frequency, foamy urine, fatigue, and high blood pressure. In its early stages, nephropathy often has no noticeable symptoms, making regular medical check-ups important, especially for individuals with risk factors like diabetes or hypertension.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and detect protein or blood in the urine. Imaging tests may also be used. Treatment aims to manage the underlying cause, slow the progression of kidney damage, and alleviate symptoms. This can include medications to control blood pressure and blood sugar, dietary changes, and in severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant.