nearsighted

Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a common refractive error in which distant objects appear blurred while close objects can be seen clearly. In the eye, images focus in front of the retina rather than on it, usually due to an elongated eyeball or a cornea that is too curved.

Most cases begin in childhood or adolescence and may progress during growth. Genetics play a role, and having one or both parents who are nearsighted increases risk. Environmental factors, such as sustained near work and limited outdoor time, are also associated with progression.

Symptoms include blurred distance vision, squinting, eye strain, and headaches after reading or screen use. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive eye exam with visual acuity testing, refraction, and a dilated exam to check overall eye health.

Treatment aims to improve distance vision and slow progression in children. Corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses) are most common. Refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK, SMILE) may reduce dependence on lenses for eligible adults. Myopia-control options include low-dose atropine, multifocal lenses, and orthokeratology.

High myopia increases the risk of retinal detachment, myopic maculopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts. Globally, myopia is common and rising, especially in East Asia. Regular eye exams help monitor progression and detect complications early.