napu

Napu is the common name for the barking deer of the genus Muntiacus, a small deer native to parts of Southeast Asia. In Indonesian and Malay usage, napu refers to this group, including regional muntjac populations. The species is found in a range of forested habitats, from tropical rainforests and monsoon forests to mangroves and secondary growth, and it can adapt to edges of agricultural areas. Its distribution spans parts of the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia and into southern China.

Napu individuals are relatively small compared with other deer. They typically stand about 40 to 60 centimeters at the shoulder, with a body length around 100 to 130 centimeters and a weight near 9 to 15 kilograms. Fur colour varies by subspecies and environment, often brown or reddish-brown. Males usually have short antlers and prominent canine tusks, while females generally lack antlers. A distinct barking call serves as an alarm and communication signal within populations.

Behaviorally, napu are mostly solitary or encountered in small family groups. They mark territories and are adept at moving through dense undergrowth. They are crepuscular, being most active at dawn and dusk, and they browse on a varied diet that includes leaves, shoots, fruits, and twigs.

Reproduction occurs year-round in many tropical environments. The gestation period is about six to seven months, typically yielding a single fawn, though twins can occur rarely. Fawns are often born with spots for camouflage and are cared for by the mother.

Conservation status varies regionally, but napu overall are listed as Least Concern by major authorities. Habitat loss and hunting for meat and hide threaten some local populations, leading to declines in certain areas despite their broad distribution.