nappies

Nappies are absorbent garments worn by infants and, in some cases, by adults with incontinence to contain urine and feces. In British English, the term nappies is commonly used; in American English, the word diaper is standard. They come in disposable and reusable (cloth) forms.

Disposable nappies are single-use products consisting of a nonwoven topsheet, an absorbent core (often wood pulp fluff combined with superabsorbent polymers), and a waterproof backsheet, with elasticized leg cuffs. They typically fasten with tapes or hook-and-loop tabs. Cloth nappies are reusable and come in various designs, including flat squares, contoured shapes, and all-in-one or pocket styles, worn with a waterproof outer cover. Materials for cloth nappies include cotton, bamboo, microfiber, and other fabrics, often with removable absorbent inserts.

Usage typically begins in infancy and continues until toilet training. Nappies are sized by age or weight and are changed promptly to maintain hygiene and prevent irritation. Training aids such as pull-ups or training pants may be used during potty training.

History and developments: Cloth nappies were the traditional form before the advent of disposables. Disposable nappies became widespread in the mid- to late 20th century, with later innovations adding features such as elasticized legs, breathable materials, and resealable fasteners to improve fit and comfort.

Environmental and safety considerations: Disposable nappies contribute to landfill waste and contain plastics and chemicals; cloth nappies require laundering and can consume water and energy. Some regions offer diaper recycling or composting programs, but services are not universally available. Proper fitting and hygiene are important to minimize leakage and skin irritation. Used nappies should be disposed of or processed according to local sanitation guidelines.

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