hookandloop

Hook-and-loop is a fastener system consisting of two components: a fabric strip covered with many tiny hooks and a second strip covered with soft loops. When pressed together, the hooks catch in the loops to form a secure closure, which can be separated easily by pulling the strips apart.

The concept was developed by Georges de Mestral, a Swiss engineer, after he observed burrs clinging to his clothing in the 1940s. Inspired by this mechanism, he and collaborators patented the idea in 1955. The brand name Velcro became widely known, and the term hook-and-loop is now used generically for similar fasteners produced by various manufacturers.

Materials and construction typically use nylon or polyester for both the hook and loop components. The hook tape is the stiffer, more abrasive side, while the loop tape provides the soft, fuzzy engagement surface. Variants include sew-on tapes, adhesive-backed tapes, and laminates integrated into garments, footwear, medical devices, and equipment. Some formulations employ microhooks or specialty loops for low-profile or high-durability applications.

Applications span clothing, footwear, sports gear, medical devices, aerospace, automotive, electronics, and packaging. Performance depends on hook density, fiber type, and substrate, with factors such as temperature, humidity, and debris affecting engagement. Hook-and-loop can be cleaned to remove lint, but engagement may degrade after many cycles or exposure to harsh conditions.

Trademark notes: Velcro is a brand name that has become common in everyday language, but many manufacturers offer equivalent hook-and-loop fasteners. While convenient and adjustable, they may be less resistant to dirt and wear than some alternative closures.