muskelslapphet

Muskelslapphet, or muscle hypotonia, is reduced muscle tone, making muscles feel soft and more easily moved with little resistance. It is a sign rather than a disease and may affect one part or the whole body. Hypotonia can be present at birth or develop later and is different from weakness, which reflects limited force production rather than tone.

Causes are usually categorized as central or peripheral. Central hypotonia originates in the brain or spinal cord and can be due to congenital brain disorders, genetic syndromes, metabolic diseases, or injury. Peripheral hypotonia affects the nerves, muscles, or neuromuscular junctions and includes myopathies and neuropathies. In infants, congenital hypotonia often prompts genetic testing; acquired hypotonia may follow infection, inflammation, trauma, or metabolic crises.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, with attention to development, feeding, reflexes, and motor skills. Additional tests may include MRI, metabolic screens, genetic analysis, nerve conduction studies, or electromyography to identify the underlying cause. The evaluation guides management and prognosis.

Management targets the underlying cause when possible and aims to improve function. Physical therapy and occupational therapy help build strength and motor skills, while speech therapy may assist with feeding or communication. Treating associated conditions and supporting development are important, and prognosis varies widely depending on the etiology and treatment response.

Prognosis varies with the cause and response to therapy; early intervention can improve outcomes for many children.