muadhin

A muadhin (also muezzin) is the person responsible for delivering the adhān, the Islamic call to prayer, from a mosque or other elevated place, often using a loudspeaker. The muadhin’s role is part of mosque tradition in many Muslim communities.

The adhan is announced five times a day to signal the obligatory prayers, with additional calls for Friday prayers and, in some places, Ramadan and other special occasions. The muadhin recites a prescribed formula in Arabic: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar; Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah; Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasul Allah; Hayya alas-salah; Hayya alal-falah; Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar; La ilaha illallah. Regional variations exist; some communities add lines such as As-salatu khairun minan-nawm for the dawn prayer (Fajr).

The adhan is typically followed by the iqama, a shorter call indicating the start of the prayer. In many mosques the adhan is performed once for each prayer time, and the iqama is recited just before the congregation begins.

Origins and variations: The practice dates to early Islam in Medina, with Bilal ibn Rabah traditionally remembered as the first muadhin appointed by Prophet Muhammad. Across cultures, muadhins may use different melodic styles, languages, and rhythms, reflecting local customs.

Modern practice: In contemporary mosques, the adhan is commonly broadcast via loudspeakers or electronic systems. The role may be filled by a dedicated staff member, a volunteer, or the imam; in some communities, women have served as muadhins as well. The core function remains to announce prayer times and orient the community toward worship.