iqama

Iqama is a term used in two distinct contexts, referring either to a residence permit in Saudi Arabia or to a call to prayer in Islamic practice. The two uses are unrelated beyond sharing the same transliteration of an Arabic word.

In Saudi Arabia, iqama denotes the residence permit issued to foreign workers and their dependents. It is issued by the Ministry of Interior through the General Directorate of Passports (Jawazat) and serves as official proof of legal residence and work eligibility. The iqama contains the holder’s photograph, personal details, nationality, date of birth, a unique iqama number, occupation, sponsor information, and sometimes an address. Carrying the iqama is mandatory, as it is used to verify status with authorities and for various administrative procedures. The permit is typically valid for one to two years and must be renewed before expiry. Renewal procedures are generally coordinated by the employer or sponsor, and changes in sponsorship or employment are subject to regulatory rules. In recent years, reforms associated with Vision 2030 have relaxed certain sponsorship requirements and enhanced mobility for workers in some sectors, though rules remain complex and vary by circumstance. Penalties can apply for staying in the country without a valid iqama or for violations of residency conditions.

In Islamic practice, iqama (iqāmah) is the second call to prayer, issued by the muezzin to signal that the time for the congregational prayer has arrived and that the prayer is about to begin. It is distinct from the adhan, the initial call to prayer, and is typically recited immediately before the commencement of the prayer. The phrases are brief and are recited in Arabic, signaling the community to prepare for worship.