muezzin

A muezzin is a person who performs the adhan, the Islamic call to prayer. The adhan announces the times of the five daily prayers and invites Muslims to come to worship. The word derives from the Arabic muʿaḍḍin or muʿadhin, meaning “one who gives the call.” In many mosques the muezzin’s call is a distinctive sound that accompanies daily life in Muslim communities.

Historically, the role dates from the early Islamic period. Prophet Muhammad is reported to have appointed Bilal ibn Rabah as the first muezzin in Medina, establishing the practice as part of mosque life. The adhan is traditionally delivered from a minaret, using a melodic vocal delivery. While Arabic is standard for the call, regional practices and, in modern times, loudspeakers can extend its reach, especially in large cities or during Ramadan.

Duties and organization vary by community. The muezzin is typically appointed by the mosque or religious authorities and may be paid or volunteer. The primary responsibility is to perform the adhan at the prescribed prayer times and, in many cases, to announce the iqama, the call to start the prayer. In some places the imam or another leader may perform the adhan, or a recording may be used when no muezzin is present.

Gender and regional variation exist. Traditionally the role has been filled by men, but there have been instances of women serving as muezzins in some communities. Practices differ widely, reflecting local customs, architectural settings, and technological adaptations.