movementsclassical

Movements in classical music are self-contained sections of a larger work such as a symphony, concerto, or sonata. Each movement has its own tempo, mood, and occasionally key, and is performed in sequence with a pause between movements. The approach allows contrasting characters and pacing within a single work.

Historically, the concept matured in the Baroque period with multi-movement suites and concerted works, but it was during the Classical era that a largely standardized practice emerged. The typical symphony or concerto of the time often comprises four movements: a fast opening movement, a slow second movement, a dance-like third movement (minuet or scherzo), and a brisk finale. Not all works conform to this model, and later Romantic composers often varied the number and character of movements.

Movements employ a variety of forms. First movements are commonly in sonata form (exposition, development, recapitulation). Second movements favor lyric contrasts and may use ternary form or theme and variations. Third movements most often take a minuet or scherzo form in triple meter, while final movements frequently use rondo or sonata-rondo structures to bring closure. Tempo markings such as allegro, adagio, and andante guide the tempo and mood of each movement.

Beyond orchestral works, movements structure chamber music, solo keyboard works, and concertos, serving to shape narrative and contrast within a complete piece. The term "movement" thus denotes a discrete, performable section that contributes to the unity and variety of a larger classical composition.