motorkontroller

A motorkontroller is an electronic device or system that governs the performance of an electric motor by regulating its torque and speed. It does this by controlling electrical parameters such as voltage, current, or frequency, depending on the motor type. Motor controllers are used across a wide range of applications to convert a control signal into appropriate power for the motor.

For direct-current motors, controllers typically regulate armature voltage or current, often using pulse-width modulation (PWM) or chopper techniques to adjust speed and torque. For alternating-current motors, controllers commonly take the form of variable-frequency drives (VFDs) that adjust the frequency and voltage supplied to the motor, and soft starters that limit inrush and provide gentle acceleration.

Key components of a motorkontroller include a power electronics stage (comprising transistors such as MOSFETs or IGBTs), a control logic unit (microcontroller or digital signal processor), and protection and feedback mechanisms. Feedback from sensors such as encoders, tachometers, or rotor position sensors enables closed-loop control and precise speed or position regulation. Controllers may also include protection features for overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating, and short circuits, along with communication interfaces for integration with other control systems.

Common applications include electric vehicles, industrial drives, robotics, CNC machinery, HVAC systems, and consumer appliances. Interfaces may use CAN, Modbus, EtherCAT, or other protocols for integration into larger automation architectures. In practice, the term motorkontroller is often used interchangeably with motor driver or drive, though a controller emphasizes control logic while a drive may also encompass the power conversion hardware.