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Motivaatio refers to the internal drive or external factors that stimulate and direct an individual's behavior towards a particular goal. It is a complex psychological process that influences the initiation, intensity, persistence, and direction of actions. Understanding motivation is crucial in various fields, including psychology, education, business, and sports, as it underpins human performance and well-being.

There are generally two main types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation stems from internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction, enjoyment, or a sense of accomplishment derived from an activity itself. For example, someone who reads a book because they find the story engaging is intrinsically motivated. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is driven by external rewards or the avoidance of punishment. This can include receiving praise, earning money, or gaining recognition. A student studying for a test to get good grades is an example of extrinsic motivation.

Several theories attempt to explain the mechanisms behind motivation. Content theories, like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, focus on identifying what motivates people by outlining fundamental human needs. Process theories, such as expectancy theory, explain how individuals make choices based on their expectations of outcomes and the value they place on those outcomes.

Motivation plays a significant role in goal achievement. It helps individuals set objectives, commit to them, and overcome obstacles. Factors influencing motivation can include personal interest, perceived competence, social support, and the clarity of goals. Recognizing and fostering positive motivation is often a key strategy for enhancing productivity, learning, and overall life satisfaction.