moodul

Moodul is a term used in Estonian to denote a self-contained unit that can be combined with other units to form a larger system. The concept emphasizes modularity, standard interfaces, and replaceability, enabling scalability, maintenance, and interoperability across various fields.

In mathematics and related fields, a module is an algebraic structure consisting of an abelian group equipped with a compatible action by a ring. Modules generalize vector spaces by allowing the scalar set to be a ring rather than a field, and they underpin many areas of algebra and homological theory.

In software engineering, a module is a discrete component of a program with a defined interface and encapsulated functionality. Modules can be developed, tested, and deployed independently, and they can be composed to build larger systems. Common properties include loose coupling and high cohesion.

In hardware and electronics, a module refers to a self-contained, plug-in unit that provides a specific function, such as a sensor module, communication module, or memory module. Modular hardware supports flexibility, upgrades, and standardization across platforms.

In education and construction, the term also appears in contexts such as course modules—units of study within a curriculum—and modular design, where physical components or rooms are standardized to simplify assembly and maintenance.