mikrostep

Microstep, or mikrostep, is a method used in controlling stepper motors that divides each full step into several smaller, discrete positions. In a two-phase stepper motor, a microstep is achieved by shaping the currents in the two windings so that the resulting magnetic field aligns the rotor at an intermediate angle between full-step positions. By subdividing steps, a driver can offer higher effective resolution and smoother motion.

Microstepping is typically implemented by approximating a sinusoidal current waveform in each winding, so that the torque is more evenly distributed as the rotor moves. Modern drivers support a range of microstep counts, commonly 8, 16, 32, 64 or more microsteps per full step, and some systems use refined, higher-resolution profiles. The technique is achieved via PWM or current chopping, with control algorithms that keep the net torque within the motor’s capabilities. However, at high microstep counts the available torque per microstep declines, and the rotor can lose some positional accuracy due to irregular motor torque, detent effects, and mechanical play. Therefore, microstepping improves smoothness and resolution but does not replace reliable mechanical design or feedback systems for precision positioning.

Applications include CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, and automation systems where smooth motion and higher resolution are valued. Microstepping is widely supported by stepper motor drivers and remains a standard feature in hobbyist and industrial equipment. See also: stepper motor, full step, half step, sine wave drive.