mianowanie

Mianowanie is a noun derived from the verb mianować and denotes the formal act of placing a person into a public office or specific position by a competent authority. It is used in a variety of contexts, including public administration, the judiciary, diplomacy, and state‑owned enterprises, as well as in other organizations that operate under formal rules.

The act typically involves a defined procedure: a candidate is identified, the appointing authority issues a formal decision or decree naming the person to the post, and the decision specifies the responsibilities, terms of office, and sometimes the conditions for continued service. The result is the creation of the officeholder status and the associated rights and obligations. The duration of the appointment can be fixed term or subject to renewal, performance, or compliance with institutional rules.

In practical terms, mianowanie is often contrasted with election (wybór), by which a position is filled by vote, and with powołanie, a term that can emphasize the initiation of service rather than the formal act of appointment. In many contexts both terms may be used, but mianowanie generally highlights the official designation by an authority rather than a popular vote.

Examples include the appointment of ministers, heads of agencies, ambassadors, judges, or directors of state enterprises. Because mianowanie is a formal decision by an authority, it can be associated with issues of patronage or politicization, and debates about merit and transparency frequently arise in discussions of public appointments.