decree

A decree is a formal and binding order issued by a sovereign authority or a government body that has the force of law within a particular jurisdiction. The term derives from Latin decretum, meaning something decided. Decrees can be issued by heads of state, executive branches, or courts, and in some traditions by religious authorities.

In civil law systems, decrees often carry the weight of law and may be used to implement statutes, regulate administration, or address emergencies. In common law countries, the term can denote a court order or judgment rather than a legislative act, though executive decrees are also used in some states.

Common types include royal decrees, presidential decrees, and administrative decrees, as well as judicial decrees and papal decrees in religious contexts. Decrees may set policy, allocate resources, establish rules, or grant rights and exemptions.

A decree is typically published or promulgated to inform the public, and its validity may depend on constitutional or statutory authorization. Decrees are generally subject to review by courts or legislative bodies and can be repealed or amended.

Decree is distinct from a statute or regulation in that it originates from executive or judicial authority rather than a representative legislature, though in practice the lines can blur. It is also different from an edict or an order, depending on context.