metsäkoulut

Metsäkoulut (forest education) are pedagogical approaches used in Finland where learning takes place largely in forest or outdoor natural settings. They are commonly implemented within early childhood education (päiväkoti and esiopetus) and increasingly in early primary grades. The aim is to support holistic development through direct engagement with nature.

Pedagogy emphasizes experiential, child-centered learning through play, exploration of natural materials, seasonal observations, and inquiry-based activities. Lessons connect to national core curricula by developing language, mathematics, science, and social-emotional skills while fostering environmental understanding and sustainability values. Outdoor time is integrated regardless of weather, with appropriate clothing and safety measures.

Practice involves trained educators who plan activities around the forest environment. Sessions may be regular (daily or several times per week) or episodic (forest days), and can include nature crafts, plant identification, animal tracking, or outdoor games. Safety planning, risk assessment, and respect for nature (Leave No Trace) are emphasized.

Benefits often cited include increased physical activity, well-being, concentration, motor development, and stronger connections to nature and responsible citizenship. Challenges can include weather, logistics, urban access, and the need for staff training and resources.

In Finland, metsäkoulut align with the broader nature-based learning movement and are supported by legislation and national guidelines from the Finnish National Agency for Education (Opetushallitus) and Varhaiskasvatuksen suunnitelman perusteet. The concept ties to Jokamiehenoikeudet, which grants the freedom to roam in natural areas.