melódicas

Melódicas refers collectively to the small, portable free‑reed keyboard instruments known in Spanish as melódicas. These instruments belong to the class of reed instruments and function similarly to accordions, but they are played by depressing keys that open valves, allowing air to flow over metal reeds and produce sound. A typical melódica consists of a metal body with a hand‑held cylinder, five or six rows of keys on each side, and a set of pressurized diaphragms that control airflow.

Originating in the 19th century, the melódica was first popularized by the German company Oehler and later adopted by various manufacturers worldwide. Its compact size and bright tone made it a valued companion for traveling musicians, especially in Latin American musical traditions such as Brazilian choro, samba, and área. In Brazil, the instrument is often called “pianola” or “melodica” and has been used by notable artists like João Gilberto, Gilberto Gil, and Caetano Veloso. In Argentina, the instrument is known as “melódico” and is an essential part of folk ensembles.

Melódicas come in several variations. The simplest models have a single set of keys and a single reed bank, producing one octave range. More advanced instruments feature two tiers of keys, allowing for two octaves, and can be tuned to octave or temperament. Some modern melódicas incorporate foot‑pumps, enabling continuous airflow and dynamic control without the need for continuous hand operation.

The influence of the melódica extends beyond music, appearing in multimedia projects, children's educational tools, and film soundtracks. Its characteristic bright timbre is celebrated for its versatility and ease of transport, making the melódica a beloved instrument for both amateur and professional musicians.