reeds

Reeds are common names for several tall, grass-like plants that grow in wetlands and along rivers, marshes, and shores. In botany, the term typically refers to species in the family Poaceae, especially the common reed (Phragmites australis) and the giant reed (Arundo donax). These perennial grasses form dense stands with hollow, rigid stems, long leaves, and panicles of flowers that appear in late summer. They prefer shallow, still water or saturated soils and can spread by rhizomes.

Ecology: Reeds provide habitat and food for many birds and invertebrates, help stabilize shorelines and filter sediments, and can improve water quality. They can also spread aggressively; in some regions Phragmites australis has become invasive, displacing native wetland vegetation and altering hydrology. Management includes removal, mowing, burning, and, in some cases, herbicide applications.

Human use: Reeds have a long history as building material, used for thatching roofs, mats, baskets, and various crafts. The term 'reed' is also used in music to refer to the flexible blades made from reed cane used in woodwind and brass instruments, with Arundo donax being particularly valued for making single and double reeds.

Distribution: Reeds are native to parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, with introduced populations in many other regions. Some species are valued for habitat restoration, while others can be invasive outside their native ranges.